Articole medicale din specializarea Obstetrică - ginecologie

Analize OBLIGATORII , care se repeta: -RBW (VDRL,TPHA):saptamanile 29-32; -dozare anticorpi antiRh ; -Ht,Hb,trombocite (hemoleucograma completa); -glicemie; -sumar de urina (albumina,glucoza,corpi cetonici,sediment); -urocultura; -examen bacteriologic secretie vaginala; -examen culturi col uterin; -ecografie. Tratamente/manevre PROFILACTICE in trimestrul III : Profilaxie anemie: continuare terapie profilactica / curativa in functie de valorile Hb/Ht si a examenului clinic general. Profilaxie rahitism : -schema zilnica per os : vit.D2/D3 : 400-500UI in anotimp insorit , 1000 UI/...

Toxoplasmosis , other viruses , rubella , cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus . Toxoplasmosis is seen in 1/3 of females exposed by undercooked meat or cat feces . So , avoid contaminated meat , unwashed fruit/vegetables , unpasteurized cheese , cat feces . Risks : US demonstrates dilated ventricles , pericardial effusions , echogenic bowel , calcifications in brain . Rate of transmission : -first trimester is 25% ; -second trimester is 54% ; -third trimester is 75 % . Rubella : if exposed at least than 11 weeks’ gestation , risk to infant is 90% . -11-12 weeks : 33% ; -1...

Human papillomavirus HPV is the cause of the most common sexually transmitted diseases STDs of viral etiology worldwide. High-risk HPVs are the etiological agents of cervical and other anogenital malignancies and low-risk HPVs induce only benign genital warts. Since high-risk HPVs have been shown to possess oncogenic potential, an association between HPV infection and prostatic carcinoma Pca has been suggested. Some authors demonstrated that HPV infection play an important role in the pathogenesis of Pca. Active research is ongoing to highlight the mechanisms by which HPV involved in the devel...

The crown-rump length is 32 to 54 mm . The fetus aquires human shape and the fetal body comes longer .The head is still disproportionally large . The forehead prominent and the occiput is flat . The cerebel hemispheres can be seen at 9 weeks . Ossification starts from the occipital bone at 10 weeks . The cortex is about 1 mm thick . The lateral ventricles occupy completely the anterior part of the head and cover the diencephalon . The mesencephalon gradually moves towards the middle of the brain , the 3rd ventricle becomes narrow , the cerebellar hemispheres fuse in the midline 11 to 12 w...

Several ultrasound studies using mainly the transvaginal approach at 4 to 12 weeks of gestation describe the developent of the normal fetus as fallows : The 4th Week: The gestational sac is visible from about 4 weeks and 3 days as a hypoechoic , ring-like2 to 3 mm structure surrounded by a hyperechoic rim . The sac represents the chorionic cavity and is typically located in the upper part of the decidualized endometrium in an eccentric position . The 5th Week: The yolk sac becomes visible at 5 weeks . At the end of the 5th week , the fetal pole measures 2 to 3 mm ; we can also identify...

1. Estrogen-progesterone challenge test in amenorrhea; 2. DUB ; 3. Endometriosis; 4. Dysmenorrhea; 5. Postponement of periods; 6. Premenstrual syndrome and cyclical mastalgia; 7. Idiopatic hirsutism; 8. Hormone replacement therapy; 9. Lower incidence of benign breast neoplasia; 10. Lower incidence of functional ovarian cysts , ovarian and uterine malignancy; 11. Lower incidence of ectopic pregnancy due to suppression of ovulation and reduction in incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease.

Absolute: 1.Thomboembolic disease; 2.Acute and chronic disease of liver; 3.Cancer of breast or genitals; 4.Pregnancy known or suspected; 5.Focal migraine. Relative: 1.Hypertension; 2.Valvular heart disease; 3.Epilepsy; 4.Smokers over 35 years; 5.Nursing mothers; 6.Sickle-cell anemia , thalassemia; 7.Asthma; 8.Allergic disorders; 9.Herpes gestationalies; 10.Porphyria; 11.Pruritus of pregnancy; 12.Varicose veins; 13.Obesity; 14.Elective surgery; 15.Diabetes; 16.Crohn’s disease.

Acestea pot fi folosite in timpul travaliului pentru a te relaxa , sa-ti conserve energia , sa-ti controlezi corpul si durerea , sa te calmezi si sa iti alungi frica. 1.Respiratia profunda Cand respiri , trebuie sa simti cum partea inferioara a plamanilor se umple cu aer si cutia toracica se umfla . Indreapta umerii . Daca cineva isi pune mana pe regiunea ta lombara , trebuie sa i-o poti misca printr-o simpla miscare . Metoda are efect de calmare si este ideala pentru inceputul si sfarsitul contractiilor. 2.Respiratia usoara Aceasta metoda ventileaza numai partea superioara a plamanilo...

Acesta reprezinta cea mai importanta complicatie a tratamentelor de stimulare ovariana utilizate in cadrul tehnicilor de stimulare ovariana.El se caracterizeaza prin cresterea in dimensiuni a ovarelor datorita cresterii permeabilitatii vasculare. Gradul I (hiperstimulare usoara): -discomfort abdominal; -cresterea in dimensiune a ovarelor observata ecografic , diametrul pana la 5x5cm ; multiplii foliculi si chisturi de corp galben; -estradiolul seric peste 3.000pg/ml ; progesteronul peste 30pg/ml in faza luteala precoce ; -estrogenul urinar este peste 150mg/24 ore ; pregnandiolul peste 10m...

1.Semne de alarma la aparitia carora gravida trebuie sa mearga la spital sau medicul de familie va trimite femeia gravida de urgenta la spital : -sangerare vaginala sau pierderi de lichid amniotic ; -CUD (contractii uterine dureroase )+/- hipertonie uterine ; -dureri abdominale severe ; dureri lombo-sacrate severe ; -astenie fizica marcata +/- lipotimie ; -diaree , varsaturi dese / persistente ; -vertij , ameteli ; -cefalee : pusee frecvente / severe si / sau continue ; -edeme care progreseaza rapid ; -tulburari de vedere ( vedere incetosata , estompata ) instalate acut ; -convulsi...